【初级中学宾语从句讲解与练习(32页)】一、什么是宾语从句？
在英语句子中，有时一个主句的宾语不是简单的名词或代词，而是一个完整的句子。这个充当宾语的句子就叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句通常由连接词引导，如：that, whether, if, what, when, where, why, how, who, whom, whose, which 等。
例如：
- I think that he is right.
- She asked whether I could come.
- They want to know what time the meeting starts.
二、宾语从句的结构
宾语从句的基本结构是：
主句 + 连接词 + 从句（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语等）
注意：宾语从句中的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问语序。
正确示例：
- He said that he was tired.
- Do you know where she lives?
- Please tell me when the train leaves.
错误示例（语序错误）：
- He said that was tired. ❌
- Do you know where she lives? ✅
- Please tell me when the train leaves? ❌
三、常见的引导词及其用法
| 引导词 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
|--------|----------|------|
| that | 引导陈述性宾语从句，常省略 | I believe that he is honest. |
| if/whether | 引导选择性或不确定的宾语从句 | I don't know whether he will come. |
| what | 引导含有“什么”的宾语从句 | Can you tell me what happened? |
| when | 引导时间状语从句 | I remember when we first met. |
| where | 引导地点状语从句 | Do you know where the library is? |
| why | 引导原因状语从句 | I don’t understand why she left. |
| how | 引导方式或程度状语从句 | Could you explain how to use this app? |
| who/whom/whose | 引导人称宾语从句 | Do you know who called me? |
四、宾语从句的时态一致性
主句如果是一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态；如果主句是过去时，从句一般要用相应的过去时态。
例子：
- He says he is tired.（现在时）
- He said he was tired.（过去时）
- She asks if I have finished my homework.（现在完成时）
- She asked if I had finished my homework.（过去完成时）
五、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，不能使用疑问语序。
正确：
- Do you know where she went?
- I don’t know what he said.
错误：
- Do you know where did she go?
- I don’t know what he said?（语序错误）
六、宾语从句的简化形式
在口语和非正式写作中，有时可以省略that，尤其是在that不重要或不影响理解的情况下。
例子：
- I think (that) he is lying.
- She said (that) she would come.
但在正式写作中，建议保留that以保持语法正确。
七、常见错误与注意事项
1. 混淆 if 和 whether：
- “I don’t know if he will come.”（正确）
- “I don’t know whether he will come.”（也正确）
- 注意：whether 可以和 or not 搭配使用，而 if 不能。
2. 语序错误：
- “Do you know what he wants?”（正确）
- “Do you know what does he want?”（错误）
3. 时态不一致：
- “He said he is tired.”（错误）
- “He said he was tired.”（正确）
4. 重复使用 that：
- “I believe that that is true.”（虽然语法上可以接受，但显得啰嗦）
- 更简洁的说法：“I believe that is true.”
八、宾语从句的练习题（部分）
一、选择正确的引导词填空：
1. I don’t know ______ he is coming.
A. that B. if C. what D. when
2. She asked ______ the meeting started.
A. that B. when C. why D. how
3. Do you know ______ she is?
A. who B. what C. when D. where
4. I wonder ______ he can finish the work on time.
A. that B. if C. what D. how
5. The teacher told us ______ we should study hard.
A. that B. if C. what D. when
二、改写句子为宾语从句：
6. He said, “I am hungry.” → He said ______.
7. Do you know? Where is the station? → Do you know ______?
8. She asked, “Did you see the movie?” → She asked ______.
9. I think, “He is a good student.” → I think ______.
10. They don’t know, “Will it rain tomorrow?” → They don’t know ______.
九、总结
宾语从句是英语学习中非常重要的语法点，掌握好它的结构、引导词、语序和时态规则，有助于提高阅读和写作能力。通过不断练习，你将能够更加熟练地运用宾语从句来表达复杂的意思。
附录：32页内容包括以下
1. 宾语从句定义与结构
2. 常见引导词详解
3. 语序与时态规则
4. 常见错误分析
5. 大量练习题（含答案）
6. 课堂互动活动设计
7. 总结与复习要点
8. 拓展阅读材料
如需获取完整版32页讲解与练习内容，请联系相关教师或参考配套教材。
